Ethylene signaling in rice and <i>Arabidopsis</i> : New regulators and mechanisms

Ethylene is a gaseous hormone which plays important roles in both plant growth and development stress responses. Based on studies the dicot model species Arabidopsis, linear ethylene signaling pathway has been established, according to perceived by receptors transduced through CONSTITUTIVE TRIPLE RESPONSE 1 (CTR1) ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE 2 (EIN2) activate transcriptional reprogramming. In addition this canonical pathway, an alternative receptor-mediated phosphor-relay also proposed participate signaling. contrast rice, monocot, grows semiaquatic environments distinct structure. Several novel regulators and/or mechanisms of rice have recently identified, indicating that its own unique features. review, we summarize latest progress compare conserved divergent aspects between Arabidopsis rice. The crosstalk other hormones reviewed. Finally, discuss how regulates growth, responses agronomic traits. These analyses should help expand our knowledge mechanism could further be applied for agricultural purposes.